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Networking architecture refers to the organization and design of network components and elements to carry out specific tasks. It defines the physical and logical structure, task allocation, and connectivity between clients, like laptops and servers. Simply put, it provides the rules and tools for smooth, network-architected communication. Network topology refers to the arrangement of network components/elements that enable the network architecture. It is the physical and logical arrangement of nodes and connections in a network. Nodes usually include switches, routers, and software with switch and router features. Network topologies are often represented as graphs showing node connections. Network topologies are categorized into 1)     Physical topology is how nodes in a network are physically linked. 2)     Logical topology is  an illustration of how data flows within the physical topology. Point-to-point is the most basic type of network topology. In this set...

  NETWORK COMPONENTS These are individual devices that create and control a network and its resources. They are divided into three hierarchical layers by Cisco ( Core, Distribution, and Access layers ). They operate with the OSI layer ’s architecture. Network components are as follows: Repeater : An electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it. It amplifies network signals to avoid attenuation.  Hub : An electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it to multiple interfaces. It is like a multi-port repeater.  Bridge : a device that creates a single network from multiple networks. It performs frame switching and frame filtering. It learns MAC addresses and stores them in the CAM (Content Addressable Memory) table .  Switch : A device used to connect computers together to form a network. It also enables frame switching and frame filtering. It uses the MAC table to store MAC addresses. It is the fastest device in a network and implement...

  NETWORK A network is a structured system of interconnected nodes or points that communicate, share resources, or work together to achieve a common purpose .  In ICT , it is the connection between computers and computer devices through various standards , protocols , and models with the aim of sharing data and resources. These protocols, standards, and models are rules guiding the creation and design of networks and network devices that have been agreed upon by network hardware and software creators. DIVISION OF NETWORK Network can be divided based on two categories: 1) Based on scope: Networks are categorized based on scope, thereby we have Local Area Network ( LANs ), a small to medium network with subtypes: WLAN (Wireless LAN) and PAN ( Personal Area Network ). The second category is the Wide Area Network ( WAN ), a large network comprising many LANs across many geographical areas,  with subtype MAN ( Metropolitan Area Network ). 2) Based on service: Intr...