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NETWORKING: Network Components

 NETWORK COMPONENTS

These are individual devices that create and control a network and its resources. They are divided into three hierarchical layers by Cisco (Core, Distribution, and Access layers). They operate with the OSI layer’s architecture. Network components are as follows:

  1. Repeater: An electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it. It amplifies network signals to avoid attenuation. 

  2. Hub: An electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it to multiple interfaces. It is like a multi-port repeater. 

  3. Bridge: a device that creates a single network from multiple networks. It performs frame switching and frame filtering. It learns MAC addresses and stores them in the CAM (Content Addressable Memory) table. 

  4. Switch: A device used to connect computers together to form a network. It also enables frame switching and frame filtering. It uses the MAC table to store MAC addresses. It is the fastest device in a network and implements multiple protocols for management and security. There is also a layer-3 switch that implements some functionalities of the router. It adds flexibility to the network, especially a large intranet. 

  5. Routers: A device that forwards data between two or more networks. It creates an internetwork (WAN). It performs packet filtering and packet routing. It uses an IP address and implements a routing table. 

  6. End-Points: They are host devices connected to a network. They create and access services made available by the network. They includes: laptops, PCs, IP Phones, tablets, etc. 

  7. Servers: They are devices that provide functionality for other programs across multiple processors or devices. They create a client-server model. They are able to handle many processes simultaneously. They are able to listen on port numbers for different protocols to serve requests. 

  8. Access Points: They are device that provide wireless access to a network. They control wireless connections and are managed by wireless controller (WLC). 

  9.  Controller: A device or software that manages or controls other devices remotely. A perfect example is the game controller. 

  10. Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW): A security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It is used to prevent unauthorized access to a network.

  11. Next-Generation Intrusion Protection System (NGIPS): A security device designed to prevent malicious activity within a network.



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